The Governments of Uganda and Germany are cooperating to improve Uganda’s energy sector, with emphasis on establishing a reliable and efficient electricity supply in West Nile, a rural region in northern Uganda. The aim is to promote environmentally friendly socio-economic development. To monitor the electrification programme, KfW Entwicklungsbank commissioned this study to establish a sound, state-of-the-art monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system, potentially useful to other development agencies. KfW is investing in small hydropower plants and grid extension. About 40 trading centres and towns will be electrified, allowing connections for around 6,000 households, 250 businesses, 60 schools, and 30 health centres. Electricity access may benefit entire populations, but individual access varies. Access is described by availability, affordability, and reliability, though hard to measure in M&E frameworks. This M&E framework addressed conceptual, methodological, and implementation challenges. A quantitative approach was developed using access indicators for four beneficiary groups: households, businesses, secondary schools, and selected health centres. A double-difference approach is applied for best attribution, with comparisons between connected and unconnected entities. A two-year M&E cycle was proposed, starting with a baseline in 2013 and surveys in 2015, 2017, and 2019. Each includes standardised interviews with 900 households, 825 businesses, up to 170 secondary schools, and 95 health centres. The framework, tested in six locations, is presented in three parts: the M&E framework, a practical manual, and reporting tools. Each part can be used independently, supported by a Digital Annex of documents and indicator sheets.