Kenya, the strongest economy in East Africa, faces widespread hunger and hidden malnutrition, particularly among smallholder farmers in poverty-stricken regions. African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) are a key potential solution to alleviate hidden hunger and support income generation. However, ALV production faces various challenges that hinder supply, which could be addressed through agricultural innovations. The HORTINLEA research project, funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research, aims to enhance the ALV value chain and reduce hunger and poverty through collaborative efforts among researchers, policymakers, and local actors. This study explores the ALV innovation system in Kenya, focusing on the roles of various actors, including farmers, policymakers, researchers, and NGOs. Using an innovation systems perspective, it assesses the challenges and opportunities within Kenya’s agricultural sector, identifying key barriers such as limited access to resources, infrastructure issues, and a lack of coordination between actors. The study emphasizes the importance of differentiated approaches based on region and commercialization levels to support both subsistence and commercial farmers. The findings suggest strengthening farmer-focused innovation through improved resource access, collaboration, and targeted dissemination of knowledge. The study recommends integrating ALVs into educational curricula, bolstering local extension services, and enhancing the role of research organizations like KALRO. It also advocates for closer coordination with the private sector and donors to ensure that solutions are both relevant and sustainable. Lastly, further research is needed to assess the pro-poor potential of ALVs and the factors influencing farmers’ willingness to adopt innovations.